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Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 67(4): 238-250, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1021256

ABSTRACT

México está inmerso en una situación de transición social y nutricional con consecuencias para la población general. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el estado nutricional de escolares indígenas mexicanos, dependiendo de su género, edad y comunidad indígena y analizar sus hábitos alimenticios. Estudio transversal realizado en 230 escolares (7-12 años de edad), reclutados de seis comunidades indígenas en México. Se evaluó el peso, la talla, talla sentado y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los sujetos. Para conocer sus hábitos alimentarios, los sujetos también participaron en una entrevista semi-estructurada y se les pidió que respondieran a un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos. Existieron diferencias significativas en la talla y talla sentado por edad (p < 0.05) y no por sexo. El 17.8% presentó exceso de peso (sobrepeso + obesidad), con diferencias por edad (p < 0.05), siendo superior en chicos (20.3%) frente a chicas (14.8%). Existió asociación (p = 0.005) entre estado nutricional y comunidad de pertenencia. Existió una elevada ingesta diaria de carbohidratos (refrescos) 70.8% y de grasa mediante frituras (78.7% de casos). Existe una creciente prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población infantil perteneciente a las comunidades más aisladas y cuyo abastecimiento dependía del acceso a la tienda de cada comunidad(AU)


Mexico is currently immersed in a context of social and nutritional transition with important consequences for the general population. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of indigenous Mexican school children, depending on their gender, age and indigenous community. We also wished to analyze their eating habits. A cross-sectional study performed on 230 school children (7-12 years of age), recruited from six indigenous communities in Mexico. Weight, standing height, sitting height, and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were evaluated. To assess their eating habits, the subjects also participated in a semi-structured interview and were asked to respond to a food frequency questionnaire. There were significant differences in standing height and sitting height in regard to age (p<0.05) though not in regard to gender. The 17.8% of the subjects had excess weight (overweight + obesity) with significant differences for age (p < 0.05). There was a higher percentage of excess weight among boys (20.3%) than among girls (14.8%). Our study also detected an association (p = 0.005) between nutritional status and indigenous community. The eating habits of the children were characterized by a high daily ingestion of carbohydrates in the form of soft drinks (70.8%) and fat from fried foods (78.7%). There is a growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population in the more isolated indigenous communities, whose food supply directly depends on access to grocery stores at each location(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Weight by Height , Nutritional Status , Infant Nutrition , Food Assistance , Anthropometry , Pediatric Obesity , Diet, Food, and Nutrition
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